Management By Objectives, Its Nature And Advantages

What is Management By Objectives (MBO)?

Management by objectives (MBO) is a strategic business model designed to improve the performance of an organization. It is a strategy with clearly defined objectives that are agreed upon by both the management and the employees.

MBO helps managers systemically update and delegate tasks to employees with mutual understanding and keeping the goals aligned with the organizational mission. A definite set of functions is set for each employee, and also their work is monitored. The strategy is quite simple. It is to plan, design, and execute objectives with transparency and complete it at a definite time frame.

A critical part of MBO is also to check employee performance through monitoring the performance. It is also widely practiced as an employee appraisal method for promotion and other monetary and non-monetary bonuses.

The term 'Management By Objectives' was first termed by management guru Peter Drucker in his 1954 book, The Practice of Management.

MBO follows the mnemonic S.M.A.R.T while setting objectives. ‘SMART’ objectives are-

• Specific - Target a specific area for improvement.
• Measurable- Quantify or suggest an indicator of progress.
• Assignable - Specify who will do it.
• Realistic - State what results can realistically be achieved, given available resources.
• Time-bound - Specify when the result(s) can be achieved.

Related: Tips For Setting Effective SMART Goals

Steps in MBO (Also called MBO Process Cycle)

1. In the first step, MBO emphasizes measurable, tangible, and achievable goals, keeping the organizational mission in mind.

2. The second step is to set and align these objectives with the employees.

3. In the third step, the employees are allowed to plan their objectives.

4. In the fourth step, the progress of the employees is monitored.

5. The fifth step is to evaluate and reward employees. Honest feedback is given, and also new strategies for goals not achieved are established.

Nature of MBO

It is a functional approach, giving importance to the goal-setting process. It is a systematic approach to set goals and helps every individual department to develop its purposes.

But MBO doesn't interfere in the process of implementation of those goals. It gives every member the freedom to complete their tasks on their own. This promotes creativity and innovation in the organization and helps them generate ideas, solve problems and contribute to organizational goals with diversified inputs. This allows employees to keep themselves motivated and committed to the process.

MBO is a result-oriented strategy. Therefore, the outcomes are easily monitored and help the organization to understand if their goals are achieved.

Advantages of Management By Objectives

1. Efficient Management

The management is efficient when the team's output is higher than the input and resources they put into it. It is directly related the employee productivity or how much time they take to meet their goals and objectives. Often productivity gets dwindled when there is no proper structure aligned to fulfill organizational goals.
Organizations that follow MBO are more productive at their jobs, and their efficiency increases. Employees are more explicit about their goals which helps them plan and have a prominent structure to follow. One of the precise reasons for this is the systematic plan adopted by every member of the organization to complete the assigned tasks.

Organizations that follow MBO are more productive at their jobs and their efficiency increases. Employees are more clear about their goals which help them plan and have a very clear structure to follow. One of the clear reasons for this is the systematic plan which is adopted by every member of the organization to complete the assigned tasks.

2. Effective Planning

The purpose of planning is to develop a blueprint for growing a business. The better the planning is, the easier it is for management to take action. Effective planning requires an attitude of never being satisfied with the organization's current performance.

Planning becomes relatively more straightforward with MBO. Since employees are clear about the organizational objectives, they can develop a systematic approach and plan to achieve them. With this business strategy, the planning process becomes relatively more straightforward.

Related: Building an Effective Workforce Planning Program

3. Transparency

Communication is the central pillar of any organization to sustain and thrive. The communication process becomes more active between the management and the employees with this management technique. The continuous flow of two-way communication brings more opportunities and clarity in ambiguous roles by defining clear objectives for every team member. With MBO, members of the organization become aware of the roles others are playing. It helps subordinates report to their managers and understand it better since their assigned work is mutually decided. Also, since all the members work towards the main organization goal, MBO gives an edge to understand it and follow transparency in the process.

4. Reinforces Commitment

In an organization, we often see employees gradually lose their job satisfaction and their sense of commitment. The reason behind this, though, has diverse reasons. Still, one of the significant factors is lack of direction, transparency, and miscommunication between the superior and subordinates. This strategic model bridges that gap and creates a positive and open work environment.

MBO reinforces the involvement of every member by allowing them to plan and achieving their company goals.

Also, since everyone is assigned goals to reach the target, it gives employees a sense of commitment. The fact that their work is designed and monitored for the greater purpose reinforces the responsibility in them. It also helps employee motivation as employees are included in the goal-setting process and give them the extra push to complete the tasks.

5. Goal Setting

We are aware of the fact that how important goal-setting is for any organization. It directs management and gives a roadmap to follow. And it is better when everyone in the organization is aware of the process or included to share their perspectives and ideas. This also helps the employees to understand their roles and tasks better.

With MBO Strategic Model, goal-setting is done with mutual participation of the management and the organization. Objectives are more likely to be fulfilled by the employees. They actively participate in the goal-setting process and choose the actions to achieve those. It gives everyone in the team a clear goal and perspective to keep the boat floating.

6. Accountability

MBO gives accountability to everyone in the room by creating a structure that defines goals and boosts performance. Management is a tricky affair, and one needs to be accountable to get the work done. Even the best of teams often cannot reach their full potential due to the management's loopholes or inability to delegate tasks and monitor effectively. With this management technique, the team members should consider participatory behavior that encourages team morale and overall productivity of the organization.

7. Efficient Utilization of Human Resources

If you do not know how to utilize your human resources, you might do more harm to your business than imagine. Having the best teams is not enough. The world is growing more imaginative. The digital transformations are not only bringing us tremendous opportunities but also competition. So how do you sustain in a hugely competitive market? One sure trick here is to utilize your resources to their fullest potential. And you can also only do that by delegating tasks to individuals who suit best the given role. With MBO, employees and managers collaborate on assigning roles and setting goals. Thoughtful matching of talents to jobs fosters success and utilizes human resources to maximum effect.

8. Minimizes Ambiguity

There is no role ambiguity since everyone is clear about their job roles. Confusion of job roles or managing multiple tasks by specific individuals creates an imbalance in the overall management structure. It also impacts performance and encourages a toxic work culture. Many employees feel discouraged by not being able to understand the workflow or what is expected of them. With MBO, the collaboration between the manager and the employees clears the air. It leaves room for everyone to thrive and understand their job roles effectively.

Final Note!

So what do you think about MBO as a management technique? Given the advantages of MBO, it is pretty clear how it can help managers and employees create a symbiotic working relationship that helps grow the organization. Do tell us your views on MBO, and we can benefit from it.

This article is written by Braja Deepon Roy. He works as a Content Creator and Digital Marketer at Vantage Circle. He actively participates in the growth of corporate culture and keeps himself updated in this space. For any related queries, contact editor@vantagecircle.com